EXERCISE 4.1

1. Use the figure to name:

(a) Five points

(b) A line

(c) Four rays

(d) Five line segments

Solutions:

(a) The five points are D, E, O, B and C

(b) A line is 

(c) Four rays are  ,  ,  and  .

(d) Five-line segments are OD, OB, OC and BE 

2. Name the line given in all possible (twelve) ways, choosing only two letters at a time from the four given.

Solutions:

The lines are AB, AC, AD, BA, BC, BD, CA, CB, CD, DA, DB, DC

3. Use the figure to name:

(a) Line containing point E.

(b) Line passing through A.

(c) Line on which O lies

(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines.

Solutions:

(a) Line containing point E is AE

(b) Line passing through A is AE

(c) Line on which O lies is OC

(d) Two pairs of intersecting lines are CO, AE and AE, EF 

4. How many lines can pass through (a) one given point? (b) two given points?

Solutions:

(a) Countless lines can pass through a given point.

(b) Only one line can pass through a two given points.

5. Draw a rough figure and label suitably in each of the following cases:

(a) Point P lies on AB.

(b)  XY and PQ intersect at M.

(c) Line l contains E and F but not D.

(d)  OP and OQ meet at O.

Solutions:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

6. Consider the following figure of line MN. Say whether following statements are true or false in context of the given figure.

(a) Q, M, O, N, P are points on the line MN.

(b) M, O, N are points on a line segment MN.

(c) M and N are end points of line segment MN.

(d) O and N are end points of line segment  OP.

(e) M is one of the end points of line segment QO.

(f) M is point on ray OP .

(g) Ray OP is different from ray QP.

(h) Ray OP is same as ray OM.

(i) Ray OM is not opposite to ray OP.

(j) O is not an initial point of OP

(k) N is the initial point of NP and NM.

Solutions:

(a) True

(b) True

(c) True

(d) False

(e) False

(f) False

(g) True

(h) False

(i) False

(j) False

(k) True

Exercise 4.2

1. Classify the following curves as (i) Open or (ii) Closed

Solutions:

(a) The given curve is an open curve

(b) The given curve is closed curve

(c) The given curve is open curve

(d) The given curve is closed curve

(e) The given curve is closed curve

2. Draw rough diagrams to illustrate the following:

(a) Open curve

(b) Closed curve

Solutions

(a) The below figure is the open curve

(b) The below figure is the closed curve

3. Draw any polygon and shade its interior.

Solutions:

The below figure is the polygon with interior shade

4. Consider the given figure and answer the questions:

(a) Is it a curve?

(b) Is it closed?

Solutions:

(a) Yes, it is a curve

(b) Yes, it is closed curve

5. Illustrate, if possible, each one of the following with a rough diagram:

(a) A closed curve that is not a polygon.

(b) An open curve made up entirely of line segments.

(c) A polygon with two sides.

Solutions:

(a) The below figure is the closed figure but not a polygon

(b) The below figure is an open curve made up entirely of line segments

(c) No its not possible, as the polygon having least number of sides is a triangle which has three sides.

Exercise 4.3

1. Name the angles in the given figure.

Solutions:

The angles are ∠DAB, ∠ABC, ∠BCD and ∠CDA

2. In the given diagram, name the points(s)

(a) In the interior of ∠DOE

(b) In the exterior of ∠EOF

(c) On ∠EOF

Solutions:

(a) The point in the interior of ∠DOE is A

(b) The point in the exterior of ∠EOF is C, A and D

(c) The points on ∠EOF are E, B, O and F

3. Draw rough diagrams of two angles such that they have

(a) One point in common

(b) Two points in common

(c) Three points in common

(d) Four points in common

(e) One ray in common

Solutions:

(a) O is common point between ∠COD and ∠AOB

(b) O and B are common points between ∠AOB and ∠BOC

(c) O, E and B are common points between ∠AOB and ∠BOC

(d) O, E, D and A are common points between ∠BOA and ∠COA

(e) OC is common ray between ∠BOC and ∠AOC

Exercise 4.4

1. Draw a rough sketch of a triangle ABC. Mark a point P in its interior and a point Q in its exterior. Is the point A in its exterior or in its interior?

Solutions:

Point A lies on the given triangle ABC. It lies neither in interior nor exterior.

2. (a) Identify three triangles in the figure.

(b) Write the names of seven angles.

(c) Write the names of six line segments

(d) Which two triangles have ∠B as common?

Solutions:

(a) The three triangles are ∠ABD, ∠ACB, ∠ADC

(b) The angles are ∠BAC, ∠BAD, ∠CAD, ∠ADB, ∠ADC, ∠ABC, ∠ACB

(c) The line segments are AB, AC, BC, AD, BD, DC 

(d) ∠ABD and ∠ABC are triangles which have ∠B as common.

Exercise 4.5

1. Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral PQRS. Draw its diagonals. Name them. Is the meeting point of the diagonals in the interior or exterior of the quadrilateral?

Solutions:

PR and QS are the diagonals. They meet at point O which is in the interior of the quadrilateral.

2. Draw a rough sketch of a quadrilateral KLMN. State,

(a) two pairs of opposite sides,

(b) two pairs of opposite angles,

(c) two pairs of adjacent sides,

(d) two pairs of adjacent angles.

Solutions:

(a) Two pairs of opposite sides are
KL, NM and KN, ML

(b) Two pairs of opposite angles are ∠KLM, ∠KNM and ∠LKN, ∠LMN

(c) Two pairs of adjacent sides are KL, KN and NM, ML or NM, NK

(d) Two pairs of adjacent angles are ∠K, ∠L and ∠M, ∠N or ∠K, ∠L and ∠L, ∠M

Exercise 4.6

1. From the figure, identify:

(a) the centre of circle

(b) three radii

(c) a diameter

(d) a chord

(e) two points in the interior

(f) a point in the exterior

(g) a sector

(h) a segment

Solutions:

(a) The centre of circle is O

(b) Three radii are OA, OB, OC

(c) A diameter is AC

(d) A chord is ED

(e) Two points in the interior are O and P

(f) A point in the exterior is Q

(g) A sector is AOB i.e shaded region

(h) A segment is ED i.e shaded region

2. (a) Is every diameter of a circle also a chord?

(b) Is every chord of a circle also a diameter?

Solutions:

(a) Yes every diameter of a circle is also a chord. Diameter is also called as longest chord.

(b) No, every chord is not a diameter.

3. Draw any circle and mark

(a) its centre

(b) a radius

(c) a diameter

(d) a sector

(e) a segment

(f) a point in its interior

(g) a point in its exterior

(h) an arc

Solutions:

(a) The centre of the circle is O.

(b) The radius is OC

(c) A diameter is 

(d) A sector is AOC

(e) A segment is DE

(f) A point in its interior is O

(g) A point in its exterior is F

(h) An arc is 

4. Say true or false:

(a) Two diameters of a circle will necessarily intersect.

(b) The centre of a circle is always in its interior.

Solutions:

(a) True, two diameters will always intersect each other at the centre of the circle.

(b) True, the centre of the circle will always be in its interior.